The **Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)** is a political and paramilitary organization established in 1964 amid the Palestinian refugee crisis following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Its founding goal was to unify various Palestinian groups under one leadership to advocate for Palestinian national identity and self-determination[1][2][5]. Initially formed under the auspices of the Arab League, the PLO aimed to consolidate Palestinian political efforts and resist Israeli control, originally through armed struggle[3]. In its early years, the PLO was heavily influenced by Arab states such as Egypt, with limited independent political power. Its first chairman, Ahmad Shuqayrī, was closely tied to Egyptian interests, and the organization’s military wing was integrated with Arab state forces. The PLO’s charter originally called for the elimination of Israeli sovereignty in Palestine and the destruction of Israel, which it pursued through militant campaigns in the 1960s and 1970s[2][3][6]. Over time, the PLO evolved into the internationally recognized representative of the Palestinian people, encompassing multiple factions like Fatah, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), and others[3]. It faced challenges including expulsion from host countries—first from Jordan in 1970 and Lebanon in 1982—relocating its leadership multiple times to continue its political and military activities from exile in Tunisia[6]. The organization played an essential role during the First Intifada (1987) and later engaged in diplomacy, culminating in its participation in the Oslo Peace Process in the early 1990s, which sought a negotiated resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict[5]. Today, the PLO remains a central institution in Palestinian politics, advocating for Palestinian statehood and rights on the international stage, though it has faced internal divisions and competition from groups like Hamas. Its history reflects a complex evolution from militant resistance to political negotiation, making it a pivotal actor in